Tuesday, 8 October 2019

The Birthday party: Character Analysis

Name: Kailas Gohil
Roll No:- 14
E-mail ID:- kailasgohil1998@gmail.com
Paper No:- 9 ( The Modernist literature)
Submitted by:- Department of English,Dilip Barad sir


















Topic:- The Birthday Party: Character Analysis

Introduction:-
                  Harold Pinter, born in 1930, English Playwright, knows for his so-called “ COMEDIES OF MENSCE”, which humorously and Cynically depict people attempting to communite as they react to an invasion or  threat of an invasion  of their lives. He is  also noted for his unique use of dialogue, which exposed his  characters alienation from each other and explores the layers of meaning produced by pauses and silence. In 2005 Pinter was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Meg Boles:-
                   Petey's wife, Meg Boles is a good- natured woman in her sixties. Of only from a lack of any reference to offspring  of her own, it is implied that she  and Petey are Childress, this she fills a void in her life by turning the  bole’s boarding – house tenant, Stanley Webber, into a kind  of surrogate child. She insists on calling him “boy”  and mothering him. She even takes liberties appropriate to a parent- though not to the landlady of an adult roomer- by invading his  privacy to fetch him down to breakfast.
                At the  se time, Meg flirts with Stanley, trying  to fill a Second void in her life. Her marriage  to Petey has settled in to mechanical routine, as their  listless  and  inane dialogue  that opens the play reveals. Meg tried to win Stanley's  approval of her as a woman, Shamelessly fishing for  compliments. Stanley, in his mildly perverse manner, responses by reading by reading her, knowing that she is both vulnerable and gullible.
           
The Birthday Party: Character Analysis
   As the  play progress, it becomes  clear that Meg though mental lightweight, is a decent woman. She is also rather sentimental. Although it is probably not even Stanley’s real birthday, she insists that it is, determined to help Stanley weather his self – destructive despondency. She also seems to be his last hope, and her absence, when he is taken away near the end of the play, intensified his final wretchedness.

Petey Boles:-
                   Like his  wife, Petey Boles is in his  sixties. He is a deck- chair attendant at the unidentified seaside  resort where he and Meg own their boarding  house, which, although it is “on the list” ,has seen much better days. Petey is full and ambitionless, no more inclined than his wife to find challenges beyond the confines of their rooming house. The pair  have simply settled in to a humdrum existence appropriate to their mundane minds.
Because it is  his  chess night, Petey is not present during the birthday party. He leaves before it begins, then appears the following morning, when he makes a feeble attempt to prevent Goldberg and McCann from taking Stanley away, though he backs down the  when the men suggest that they might take him as well. Petey’s decency is finally as ineffectual as Meg's. At the play's  conclusion, he can do nothing  but slip back in to vapid conversation with his wife, who reveals that was not even aware that he had completely missed the party.

Benny:- see Nat Goldberg.
Simey:- Se Nat Goldberg.
The Birthday Party: Character Analysis

Lulu:-
                 Described as a “ girl in her twenties,” lulu is a neighbour who first appears carrying Stanley’s birthday present, the toy drum and drum sticks that Meg had bought for him. On the flirtatious side, she is self- conscious about  her sexual appeal and cannot sit still for long without taking out a compact to powder her  face. To her, looks are obviously important, and she sees Stanley as “ washout” because he seems to care nothing about his unkempt appearance.
               Behind her glamour, there is some youthful innocence to lulu. She is blind to Goldberg's  predatory nature and is drawn into his charm. She sits on his lap and flirts with him, a foreshadowing of what occurs between them later that night. That she is some sort  of sexual sacrifice is also suggested  in the conclusion to the bizarre  events  that take place when the light go out during  the party. When they are restored, she is revealed “ lying spread- eagle on the table.”  With Stanley hunches over her giggling insanely.
                   In the last act, Lulu seems broken by the night's experiences, but she is also angry. Goldberg, who baldly claims that he shares some of her innocence, had entered her room with a mysterious briefcase and begun sexually abusing her, using her, she complain, as “ a passing fancy.”  She leaves angry and frightened when McCann and Goldberg threaten to exact a confession from her.

Dermont McCann:-
                        McCann, in his thirties, is Goldberg’s younger associate. Unlike Goldberg, who reveals a Jewish heritage, McCann is an immoral
The Birthday party: Character Analysis
Irish Catholic, possibly a defrocked priest. Like  Goldberg, he exercises careful self control, a quality which contributed to the  sinister impression of both men. He is also methodical and  compulsive, as is revealed in his  ritual habit of carefully tearing Petey’s newspaper into strips. He differs from Goldberg in important respects , however. More reticent, he is not as superficially  warm or  out going, and when he dose speak he seems  more inclined to echo Goldberg than to offer new observations. He is also physically more intimidating than Goldberg, who deliberately covers his viciousness with mask of fatherly  interest in the others and disarms everyone  with his nostalgia. It is McCann who shoves Stanley at the party and snaps. When he  does talk, McCann usually just adapts to the mood set by Goldberg. Usually, too. He defers to Goldberg’s age and authority, even obeying the older man's peculiar request that McCann, blow into his mouth. However, at times he seems more Goldberg’s equal partner, especially during the interrogations of Stanley, when, just as voluble ,he become Goldberg’s co- inquisitor.

Stanley Webber:-
                 Until his nemeses Goldberg and McCann appear, Stanley is the only lodged at the boles' run- down seaside boarding house. The basis of his relationship to Goldberg and McCann, at best hinted at, is never fully revealed, but their coming finally destroys Stanley’s last vestiges of self- control. Near the play’s end , when they have reduced him to idiocy, they haul him off in Goldberg’s car to face the “ Monty,” some vague, ominous fate.
     
The Birthday party: Character Analysis
      Stanley, in his late- thirties, Is an unemployed musician, reluctant  to leave the boarding house, which has become a kind of refuge from “them”  the  nebulous persecutors who, in the past,  destroyed his career as a concert pianist. He has grown both slovenly and desultory, and although he fantasize about playing in great cities on a world tour, he has no real hope. Lacking a piano, he cannot even practice . As he confides in an honest moment, his only success in concert was in  concert was in lower Edmonton, a pathetic contrast to the cities  he names as venues on his dream tour.
Stanley’s dread of what lies beyond the boarding 6 traps h in a trying relationship with Meg, for whom he must act as both wayward child and surrogate husband. He is not always able to mask his disgust with this relationship and is prone to express his contempt for her in cruel verbal jibes and petty behaviour. He also teases her. For example, he tells her that “they’ are coming in a van with a wheelbarrow, looking for someone to haul off, presumably Meg. His hostility finally takes more violent from, when, during the birthday party, he tried to strangle her but is stopped by McCann and Goldberg.
                  Stanley, the nominal protagonist of THE BIRTHDAY PARTY, barely struggles against his persecutors, quickly succumbing as if before some inevitable and implacable doom. Although he never evidences any built for his betrayal of the unspecified  cause he responses to his inquisitors as if he knows that there is nowhere to tum, nowhere to hide. At the end, although unable to voice his feelings, he seems resigned to his unknown fate.


The Birthday party: Character Analysis

Conclusion:-
                        Any short of single interrogations of Pinter’s  play possible. His plays cannot be bound in any single definition:
Pinter in his speech at the time of Nobel prize:
“I have often been asked how my plays about. I cannot say. Nor can ever sum up my plays, except to say that this is what is what happened. That is what is what they said. That is what they did.”

August: Patriotism and Religious Fervour

Hello Reader !
Welcome to my bog...

Here  task given by Prof. Dilip Barad Sir So I put here link for more information about the Task:-

https://dilipbarad.blogspot.com/2019/08/shitala-saatam-religion-vs-science.html



  • Shitla Saatam:-
                                                       Shitla Saatam is concept of Indian culture and tradition. Normally this festival celebrates in Shravan Mahina as an Indian religion calendar. It’s a part of folk deity. Generally at that time southern region and peninsula celebrate and believing into many faith. Even in Gujarat’s villages also celebrate as a part of religious festival. I heard one mythical story through my grandfather that ‘Shitlah’ is one of the goddess who something happening to stop pox disease which is complex of viral diseases in human beings and also animals.



  • Concept of worshiping:-

                                                  India has multi religions so as a religions country people also convince through religion events rather than science. May be during past time science was not developed so that people thought about that how they connect science through religion? For that purpose may be Shitlasataam started. People has not another way they have only way of religion So they worshiped of Shitlamata fo pox disease. 



Edgar Allan Poe's Short Stories : Pre-Task

Edgar Allan Poe's Short Stories : Pre-Task


  • Introduction:-

American author Edgar Allan Poe is commonly associated with the horror genre. Indeed, poems like “The Raven” and “Annabelle Lee” and stories like The Telltale Heart and The Black Cat lend credence and validity to this association. However, what most don't realize is that Poe is responsible for the modern version of one of the most popular and enduring literary genres: detective fiction. Fans of mysteries and detective stories will recognize the author as the namesake of the prestigious Edgar Award for outstanding mystery novels. 
Edgar Allen Poe Free Short Stories
The thrilling stories of Edgar Allen Poe are famous around the World. Some of the best loved stories and tales have been penned by this remarkable author. Exciting stories of the Supernatural provide exciting themes for his books. The following selection of his famous short stories will provide hours of reading pleasure.
Famous Edgar Allen Poe Free Short Stories
The most famous scary short stories and those with a horror theme by Edgar Allen Poe include the Raven, The Black Cat, The Cask of Amontillado, The House of Usher, The Masque of the Red Death, The Murders in the Rue Morgue, and the famous Pit and the Pendulum. These famous Edgar Allen Poe Tales and Stories have been included along with some lesser known, but equally enjoyable tales.

Thanks you......

Monday, 7 October 2019

Transendentalism and anti Transendentalism from The Scarlet leter

Transendentalism and anti Transendentalism from The Scarlet leter


  • Introduction:-


  • Transendentalism:-

 Transcendentalism is a philosophical movement that developed in the late 1820s and 1830s in the eastern United States.[1][2][3] It arose as a reaction, to protest against the general state of intellectualism and spirituality at the time.[4] The doctrine of the Unitarian church as taught at Harvard Divinity School was of particular interest.

Transcendentalism emerged from "English and German Romanticism, the Biblical criticism of Johann Gottfried Herder and Friedrich Schleiermacher, the skepticism of David Hume",[1] and the transcendental philosophy of Immanuel Kant and German Idealism. Miller and Versluis regard Emanuel Swedenborg as a pervasive influence on transcendentalism.[5][6] It was also strongly influenced by Hindu texts on philosophy of the mind and spirituality, especially the Upanishads.

  • Anti  Transendentalism:-
Anti-Transcendentalism was an opposition movement to the Transcendentalist. The Transcendentalist were writers who supported the beauty of Nature, the kindness of Humans and a distrust in government

  • The Scarlet Leter:-
The Scarlet Letter was one of the first mass-produced books in America.[2] It was popular when first published[2] and is considered a classic work today.[3] It inspired numerous film, television, and stage adaptations. Critics have described it as a masterwork[4] and novelist D. H. Lawrence called it a "perfect work of the American imagination".

Thank you..




Teaching of Professor Balaji Ranganathan

Teaching of Professor Balaji Ranganathan

Hello, readers here my blog part of activity. This blog sumitted to Department of  English Maharaja KruashnKumarsinhji Bhavnagar University.

We have guest lecturer for post colonial studies by Balaji Ranganathan in Date 19/21 August 2019. This session is fruitful for us. The central for comparative literature and Translation studies. Central university of Gujarat, Gandhinagar.

He has deep knowledge about the post colonial studies. This three days was very important for me. I would like to special thanks to our profess Dilip Barad sir who introduced most of the units before the guest lecturer.we have post -colonial studies paper.

Unit in :-
1. Black skin white mask by Grants Fanon
2. Imaginary Homeland by Salman Rushdie
3. Orientalism by Edward Said
4. A Tempest by Some cesair.



In the first lecture Balajisir introduced post colonial studies then sir said main ideas of Frist unit Black skin white mask by Frantz Fanon. This unit divided in seven chapters.

1. The Negro and Language
2. The woman of colour and White man.
3. The man of colour and White Woman.
4. The so- called dependency complex of the colonised.
5. The lived experience of Black man.
6. The Black man and Psychology.
7. ThevBlack man and Recognition.

In the first chapter, the Black man and Language, he argue about correspondence between Language, culture, and race. Every culture has their own language which plays a vital role in entering into any culture. In second and third character he talks about desire of being a white in order to excess advantage and privileges which white people had already have.

  • Orientalism by Edward said:-


In Orientalism Edward said took his idea from Michael Foucault's books,  "Discipline and punish" and 'Archelogy of Knowledge". As well as it also relies on the concept of hegemony derived from the philosophy of Anti Gramsci.


  • "A Tempest" by Amie Cesaire:-


"A Tempest" by Amie Cesaire and found difference between Shakespeare The Tempest and Cesaire's A Tempest. In this ideas Identity, Colonial resiontion, Appropriation of Language, Term of Rebellion. This play character like Eshu Traditional international knowledge black devil God the Tempest Callibian character portrait as strong Rebellion slave.

In the third day lectures in last unit "Imaginary Homeland" by Salman Rushdie.



"Imaginary Homeland" Is a collection of essays written by most controversial post colonial writer Salman Rushdie and is based on his life experiences as well as of contemporary issues. As the title itself has a word Imaginary. which includes that it's not about any particualar home in geographical sense.  In this see point Attenborough's Gandhi, commonwealth Literature does not exist, New Empire within British, on Palestine.
This three days were full of useful .

Thank you for watching or reading....

Then and Now: Colonialism, Imperialism and postcoloialisim



  • Introduction:-



The idea that postcolonialism is a critical approach is the fact that the way colonization and imperialism is described by scholars who are mostly European or American does not leave an alternative future for former colonies. ... The contemporary focus is on the critical history of colonialism through representations.


  • Colonialism:-
In 2009, the Government of the United Kingdom (UK) suspended parts of the Constitution of the Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI), a British Overseas Territory, in response to allegations of systemic corruption in the territory. Direct rule from London was imposed over the democratically elected local government. This unilateral, top-down action removed the constitutional right to trial by jury, suspended the ministerial government and the House of Assembly, and charged a UK-appointed Governor with the administration of the islands.
A tentative period for elections has been given (fall 2012 at the earliest), but this is subject to the deliberation of the British government and tied to a series of specific milestones that must be met. These announcements provoked protests and demonstrations by the islanders. The suspension of the TCI government over corruption allegations seems to run contrary to the way in which financial and governance crises are handled around the world, including in the UK itself. Scandals are part of political life, but constitutions are not suspended nor are democratically elected governments and institutions disbanded.

  • Imperialism:-



Imperialism is a policy or ideology of extending a nation's rule over foreign nations, often by military force or by gaining political and economic control of other areas.[2] Imperialism was both normal and common worldwide throughout recorded history, the earliest examples dating from the mid-third millennium BC, diminishing only in the late 20th century. In recent times, it has been considered morally reprehensible and prohibited by international law. Therefore, the term is used in international propaganda to denounce an opponent's foreign policy.[3]
The term can be applied to the colonization of the Americas between the 15th and 19th centuries, as opposed to New Imperialism, which describes the expansion of Western Powers and Japan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. However, both are examples of imperialism.
  • Postcoloialisim:-

Postcolonialism or postcolonial studies is the academic study of the cultural legacy of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the human consequences of the control and exploitation of colonized people and their lands. Post colonialism is a critical theory analysis of the history, culture, literature, and discourse of European imperial power. The name postcolonialism is modeled on postmodernism, with which it shares certain concepts and methods, and may be thought of as a reaction to or departure from colonialism in the same way postmodernism is a reaction to modernism. The ambiguous term colonialism may refer either to a system of government or to an ideology or world view underlying that system—in general postcolonialism represents an ideological response to colonialist thought, rather than simply describing a system that comes after colonialism. The term postcolonial studies may be preferred for this reason. Postcolonialism encompasses a wide variety of approaches, and theoreticians may not always agree on a common set of definitions. On a simple level, it may seek through anthropological study to build a better understanding of colonial life from the point of view of the colonized people, based on the assumption that the colonial rulers are unreliable narrators.

  • Conclusion:-
Postcolonial literature, once theorized as Third World literature, perhaps soon to be recategorized again as global literatures, or as the literatures of globalization, has had an important role to play in fostering market expansion in the publishing industry. Much of my study has been premised on this argument, yet its terms suggest a larger sphere of influence and dissemination than reality warrants. Over the past few decades literary fiction has become a viable, recognized marketing niche, and the incorporation of postcolonial writers has been an important part of its global entrenchment. Still, it continues to command nothing like the market share of mass-market romance fiction, or Japanese manga, or textbooks for those learning English.1 Very few regular readers read literary fiction and an even smaller number read postcolonial literature. Those who do thus belong to a relatively specialized field, one that is not divided up into groups of corrupt cosmopolitan consumers and authentic engaged global citizens, or of canny producers and dehistoricizing, exoticizing readers. Or, more correctly, if they are so divided, scholars interested in the materiality of the postcolonial field have not yet completed the kind of research that would prove as much.

Thanks...........

Films Review: Midnight's Chldren's and The Reluctant Fundamentalist

Films Review: Midnight's Chldren's and The Reluctant Fundamentalist




Hello Readers,
  

     On 12 August we are  film screening of the two films first was "Midnight's Children"(Novel written by Salman Rushdie) directed by Deepa Mehta and second was "The Reluctant Fundamentalist"(A Novel written by Mohsin Hamid) directed by Mira Nair. So, our task to give review of these films with the perspectives of The Postcolonial Studies, so I will try to connect films with postcolonial approaches.

    Midnight's Children:

Midnight Children :

          This is a novel written by British-Indian Novelist Salman Rushdie and filmed by Deepa Mehta. The film was very popular in foreign countries and well criticized in India also. The film didn't cover up all the things written deeply in the novel due to time period of the movie so it's looks like the collage of many things like history, culture, Colonialism. freedom movement, etc. 

         The story of the film begun with the year of 1917, the birth year of Indira Gandhi and end with the emergency or we can say that the last stage of Indira Gandhi's Life. So, some may have question that why the protagonist of the film narrated the the history before the thirty years when he was not in her mother's womb? Well, I don't know why Rushdie connected Indira Gandhi's era throughout the film, we must read the novel to understand the connection. The story about the Children who were born in the stroke of the midnight 15th august 1947 with the magical power, in which two major character like Saleem Sinai, the protagonist belong to reach family while the Shiva who was born in poor family later joined the Army and fought in the battle with Pakistan to free Bangladesh.

               The main idea of hybridity in culture and identity we can see in the movie, as per the quote 'Let reach to be poor and poor to be reach' Saleem, actually, the son of British man William Methwold and poor Marathian lady and the Shiva was the son of Ahemad Sinai and Amina, but, Mary, a nurse in the hospital changed these both baby boy with each other because her lover was a Marxist and pursued mary to protest against elite class. 
        
                Furthermore, Salim went to pakistan and Shiva Joined Indian Army, so here we can see the partition of India and pakistan. later on, After the war, Saleem came to India, his mother land and marry with Parvati, beloved of Shiva and she gave birth to baby boy who was the son of shiva so, we again see the hybridity. And also we can see the culture of India like snake Charmer. SO, this way movie ended through various perspectives.

          Here, also the good use of background music which symbolize many thing, the nose of Ghani family also a symbol. The narrative techniques also used in very good way to understand the story. And also a camera focus was excellent, while the Tajmahal scene came that time camera focused more on the poor conditioned house rather than Tajmahal. So, here film tried to show the real India through camera technique.



  • Postcolonial point of view:
  • Hybridity: 
  • Miscegenation 
  • Postcolonial Feminism

The Black Prince :


    Edward of Woodstock, known to history as the Black Prince (15 June 1330 – 8 June 1376).The year after Poitier, Edward returned to England.Prince Edward returned to England in 1371 and the next year resigned the principality of Aquitaine and Gascony. He led the commons in their attack upon the Lancastrian administration in 1376. 


Postcolonial Point of view:

           If we see this movie with the perspectives of the postcolonial studies so we have to apply Edward said's 'Orientalism' and also apply the race theory. We can say that why western countries and especially America looking towards Muslim countries as countries of terrorism? It is all about the illusion of america that every Muslim are terrorist. America Know that if we want be in power position so that we have to destroyed all Muslim countries in the name of terrorism.
                One may have question like Muslim countries are more in the number then other religion, then why they don't take action on America. But, actually, because of obsequiousness of Pakistan and Saudi Arab others countries unable to convince that all Muslims are not like that.

                In the movie also Change faced problem because he belong to Muslim country. All countries and their movies show the villains almost are Muslim. They succeeded to built this kind of stereotype in the mind of other religion's people. America only see their 3000 Americans died in this attack but they do not see that they killed billions of Muslims in Gulf war and in Iraq, Afghanistan and Syria wars. If world want to make peace in the earth then all have to protest against America to stop terrorism because:
                       
                                        "America is the mother of terrorism."

    Conclusion :

         Here we see about colonialism and post colonialism by movie review and the idea in the movie.these movie give idea about this things

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